Agape and Phileo – Logos and Rhema are ALL Interchangeable

Agape and phileo

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What is the difference, biblically and theologically, between agape and phileo. I have read that secular Greek texts/philosophers thought phileo a higher form of love as it refers to intimacy and a desire to love, whereas agape is more a duty bound, more objective type. The Septuagint appears to use both without any sort of rhyme or reason, and indeed in Hebrew there is only one word for love. Where did the notion that agape is some sort of higher, Godly form of love come from?

 

Agape and phileo

Agape and phileo

A Christian revival has broken out at Asbury University in Wilmore, Kentucky which is spreading to other campuses throughout the nation. Unlike other so-called revivals of recent, this one seems to be legitimate. This one has no ulterior motive, no crazy displays of laughter, dog barking, etc, And nobody is making any money off of this one. It just seems to have started without any sort of planning and yet at a time when America is in great need to examine itself. Could it be that this one started in the mind of God Himself???

KEENER: Answering critics of the Asbury Revival

Previously we have seen revivals of various nature – some legitimate and literally changing lives while some were obviously phony. One focused on “Holy Laughter” and the leader actually started out one revival service by telling jokes. “Did you hear the one about the farmer’s daughter . . ?” Still another phony one started in Tulsa when some nut at a Kenneth Hagin meeting began oinking like a pig. And still another started in Florida when a pastor tripped and fell over a microphone cord and was declared to have been slain in the Spirit.
Now I would have actually thought that revivals would have started out previously when great discoveries were made that verified the Christian faith as legitimate. For example why wasn’t there a revival throughout France when Louis Pasteur debunked spontaneous generation and demonstrated that life forms cannot just come about as the result of natural selection. Thus an all powerful Creator was the only alternative. Pasteur’s discovery literally wiped out a deadly plague that threatened to end all life on the European continent.
Or why didn’t revival break out when Albert Einstein discovered that we live in an expanding universe that traces back to a point of creation and that leading to the conclusion that, as Albert put it, “Creation requires a Creator?”
Or what about recently when the Rawling s manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew was found to trace back as early as 30 AD and to have been preceded by one in Aramaic which was likely composed in the presence of Jesus Himself? Or what about O’Callaghan’s discovery of portions of Mark in the Dead Sea Scrolls?
I could go on and on with various other discoveries that have tended to validate the Christian faith and made the atheist community run and hide. And yet we saw no revival.
Perhaps the answer is simply that all of this centered on head knowledge while the present one beginning at Asbury is centered on loving the unlovable and on repentance from sin. Yes sin, that ugly word that many people seem to be removing from their vocabulary these days.
In fact many today have adopted the Hindu concept that sin is relative to persons, places and situations. For example Nimrod taught that there were no moral absolutes. What is sin for you might not be sin for me.
Now there certainly are personal convictions that some of us share that others do not. For example I look at Coca-cola as something that for me at least would be sinful to drink. Place a dirty penny in a saucer full of Coke overnight and by morning you will see a shiny coin with all the dirt and grime eaten away. So I can only imagine what a belly full of soda is doing to the lining of our stomach. And our body is the temple of God so I don’t think we have a right to be destroying it.
Okay that is my personal conviction but I have to recognize that there are some very godly people out there who do not share that conviction.
But what if there actually are moral absolutes that all of us need to be living by? What if there actually is a God out there who is very upset that we do not live by these absolutes??? That I think is what has stirred the Asbury revival and why it is exploding beyond the bounds of the small little town of Wilmore, Kentucky. Young people are seeing the obvious hatred stirred on by leftist groups such as Black Lives Matter and then seeing people like Joe Biden feel the need to apologize for even suggesting that All Lives Matter.
And those young people are not willing to bow or apologize. Of course all lives matter, including those of the unborn, and it is about time that we all got around to acknowledging that.
Two Greek terms come to mind here and both affirm absolutes. They are AGAPE and LOGOS. AGAPE is a term of absolute love for all regardless of their status. A young Muslim terrorist recently cracked open a Bible and saw Jesus ‘ words “Love thy enemy” and thought “Wait a minute. I am their enemy. Maybe I had better read this book a little more carefully.”
Ernest Borgnine, the famous actor was once asked to play the role of the Roman Centurion in the movie “Jesus of Nazareth.” Ernie had lived a rather vile life. He was in the midst of seeing his fifth marriage come to an end and had developed a behind the scenes reputation as a bully to women. And to top it all off, Ernie didn’t even know the Biblical story of the character he was to play. But the money was there and he was after all Italian.
So Ernie stood here trying to get himself in the mood. “Let’s see I am a soldier and I don’t like what they are doing to the man. Okay.”
And then Ernie heard someone read Jesus’ words “Father forgive them for they know not what they do.” And all of a sudden it hit him. Here was the Son of God in torment and agony and all that was on His mind was you and I. In Ernie’s words “Tears as big as tea cups started coming out of me. I looked around to see Ann Bancroft. She wasn’t even in the scene but she was crying as well.”
And Ernie’s life changed. Marriage number 5 was so healed that it lasted 39 years until his death. And along the way Ernie accepted much more wholesome parts. For example he played the role of the angel Jonathan in a tear jerker episode of ‘Little House on the Prairie’ which many of us remember fondly.
Laura’s baby brother has died and she thinks it is because she has committed the unpardonable sin. So she heads up into the mountains to find God and reason with him to take her life and send her brother back. I believe it is in two parts and would highly recommend that you watch it.
Years later John Wayne remarked to Borgnine “Ernie You’re a great guy. How come you and I never made a movie together?” That is the sort of change that AGAPE love brings out and others begin to notice.
And then there is the Greek word LOGOS. It is used to describe Jesus in John chapter one. John could have instead used the term RHEMA as it also translates to ‘Word.’ But he chose to use LOGOS as it infers a truth that fits every situation. An absolute truth.
Again this is the sort of change that the Word of God makes in people. And I believe it is having similar effects in Wilmore and beyond. Again no gimmicks, no crazy acts of spirituality and nobody is making any money off of this one. So long as that continues I believe the Asbury revival will continue to spread.

Collegiate Day of Prayer 2023 – LIVE from Asbury University — Feb 23rd @ 8-10p ET

John Mushenhouse

I have been reading the debate over the different types of love and was not allowed for some reason to comment. I will comment here on one post. A person gave the usual teaching that agape was the God kind of love . Yes it is ,but we need to go a little deeper and actually explain its meaning. It is a self-sacrificing love as best shown in this well known verse. John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. —Genesis 22:2 Then He said, “Take now your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I shall tell you.” —1 John 4:9 In this the love of God was manifested toward us, that God has sent His only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through Him. 1 John 4:10 In this is love, not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins. — and this one about how great love was shown and is our standard – John 15:13 Greater love has no one than this, than to lay down one’s life for his friends.

Troy Day

John Mushenhouse someone here should state that
Agape and phileo are interchangeable in the BIBLE and mean the same thing
Logos and rhema are interchangeable in the BIBLE and mean the same thing

Howard Gardner

Troy Day No they are not. Otherwise you would not have Jesus asking Peter in John 21 “Peter do you AGAPE love me”, Peter responding “Yea Lord thou knowest that I PHILEO love you” and then the same question being put to him. If both had the same meaning then Peter answered it the first time. But he did not. The very context of John 21 demonstrates that they are not the same. Why else would Jesus ask the same question three times? Because they are not the same. Jesus keeps asking “Peter do you AGAPE love me?” and Peter keeps responding “Yea Lord Thou knowest that I PHILEO love you.” Come on now, Jesus was not schizophrenic. He would not keep asking the same question if Peter had already answered it.

Troy Day

The argument made by the scholars is that Jesus asked Peter if he had the highest form of love for Him. However, Peter could only say that he had the lower form of love for His Saviour. Finally, the third time He asked the question using the word for the lower form of love. This showed that Jesus was satisfied if Peter could only love Him with phileo love. This argument is found in H. A. Ironside’s commentary on John and in many others. However, your argument seems to approach the interpretation differently. F. F. Bruce in his commentary on John says concerning the interpretation of the Greek words for love in this passage: “But those who see a difference in force between the two verbs here are not agreed on the nature of the difference.” According to Trench, Peter finds the first two instances as “far too cold” and wants a more affectionate word for love. But according to Westcott, the first word (agape) is too high and Peter pushes for a more human word for love.
Bruce continues: “When two such distinguished Greek scholars (both, moreover, tending to argue from the standards of classical Greek) see the significance of the synonymns so differently, we may wonder if indeed we are intended to see such distinct significance.
Let us consider these facts:
The Verbs Agapao And Phileo Are Used Interchangeably In The Septuagint To Render One And The Same Hebrew Word (E.G. In Genesis 37:3 Jacob’s Preferential Love For Joseph Is Expressed By Agapao But In The Following Verse By Phileo).
The Verb Agapao In Itself Does Not Necessarily Imply A Loftier Love; It Does So When The Context Makes This Clear (On The Other Hand, In 2Timothy 4:10 Demas’s Regrettable Love For ‘This Present World’ Is Expressed By Agapao).
More Important Still For Our Present Purpose Is The Fact That John Himself Uses The Two Verbs Interchangeably Elsewhere In His Gospel, E.G. In The Statement That ‘The Father Loves The Son’ (Agapao In 3:35; Phileo In 5:20) And In References To ‘The Disciple Whom Jesus Loved’ (Agapao In 13:23; 19:26; 21:7, 20; Phileo In 20:2). It Is Precarious, Then, To Press A Distinction Between The Two Synonyms Here.”

Agapao and Phileo as Synonyms

 

More Greek examples from the Agape: A Correction in Love? page.

Is agapao (sometimes spelled agapeo) God’s love and phileo man’s love, as a few misguided Christian teachers assert? Are these words used this way in Scripture? We have previously shown how agapao is used for sin, and how phileo is used by God of us in biblical passages, showing that the popular teaching is clearly wrong.Here are three interesting example pairs of scriptures to illustrate how the two Greek words agapao and phileo were used often in the Bible as near synonyms, and interchangeably.

Concerning John the beloved disciple:

John 21:20 (NIV) Peter turned and saw that the disciple whom Jesus loved [agapao]

John 20:2 (NIV) She came running to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one Jesus loved [phileo]

Note that both were written by this very disciple, who used the terms interchangeably as well in Peter’s restoration (see link for more on this, below). But onward to the next example.

Hebrews 12:6 (NIV) “The Lord disciplines those he loves [agapao], and he punishes…”

Revelation 3:19 (NIV) “Those whom I love [phileo] I rebuke and discipline…”

The above and below do not really need any commentary.

Luke 11:43 (NIV) “…love [agapao] the most important seats in the synagogues and greetings in the market-places.”

Luke 20:46 (NIV) “…love [phileo] to be greeted in the market-places and have the most important seats in the synagogues.”

It would seem that these words are not as crisp as advertised, but rather that in these cases they are used as effective synonyms…

To return to where you were, hit “BACK”.

If you have not come from there, see the document: Agapao, A Correction in Love.

For more on agape and phileo in relation to John’s description of Peter’s restoration, click to the left.

For more Greek misogesis gaffs, see Harmatia, Rhema, and Logos in the Sacred Cows section.

For an appeal to stop dropping Greek words where it is not edifying, but rather an obvious a form of showing off for teachers, see the document: Use and Misuse of Greek and Hebrew.

Thin, lean, and scrawny are synonyms.  They may all be equally accurate, but a wise husband will be careful which one he chooses to describe his wife! 

How do you study synonyms?

  1. Do a regular word study on each synonym.
  2. Notice the meanings that both Greek word share.
  3. Notice the meanings that the words do NOT share.
  4. Look at the context of each verse to determine whether you are dealing with a shared meaning or a distinct one.

You can find a full discussion of synonyms in Lesson 7 of the Greek Word Study Course.  For details on how to register for the course, click Word Study Course.

27 Comments

  • Reply February 26, 2023

    Anonymous

    Not always

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget read the post before you comment

      John Mushenhouse already explained THIS

      I have been reading the debate over the different types of love and was not allowed for some reason to comment. I will comment here on one post. A person gave the usual teaching that agape was the God kind of love . Yes it is ,but we need to go a little deeper and actually explain its meaning. It is a self-sacrificing love as best shown in this well known verse. John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. —Genesis 22:2 Then He said, “Take now your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I shall tell you.” —1 John 4:9 In this the love of God was manifested toward us, that God has sent His only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through Him. 1 John 4:10 In this is love, not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins. — and this one about how great love was shown and is our standard – John 15:13 Greater love has no one than this, than to lay down one’s life for his friends.

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day words have a semantical range of meaning. So?

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget so they both mean the same and are interchangeable for John and Jesus; Paul too…

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day They are not identical in all contexts. That is a fallacy. See BDAG lexicon for nuances in different verses.

      Have you formally studied Greek? I have…..your article is one opinion.

      Greek is a precise language and there is a reason there is more than one word. We love God and hotdogs. Greeks could be more specific.

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget I did not say identical but I did say Interchangeable and I can show verses where both are used with the same meaning Interchangeable I contributed some to BDAG in its later years – I suggest you see Kittle and then Brown on this one

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day you wrote BDAG, done before you were born?!

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget we contributed to the 3rd edition some? So what?

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day who is we? You are a Greek scholar personally?

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget When I was at Tubingen, Danker was researching one of my ancestors for his MULTIPURPOSE TOOLS
      FOR BIBLE STUDY from whereas, we had a connection for his 3rd ed., some of his (own) single volume dictionaries, but I mainly worked with Metzger of which Philip Williams has been most critical 🙂 http://media.sabda.org/alkitab-2/PDF%20Books/00077%20Danker%20Multipurpose%20Tools%20for%20Bible%20Study.pdf – see p13 and also later in the book 3d ed. rev. John Day, New York: Oxford University Press, 1984

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day you are old? I do not know anything about you?!

  • Reply February 26, 2023

    Anonymous

    These terms are different for a reason.

    It has been rightly said that the most common error of word studies is the neglect of context.

    To make them interchangeable is foolishness, a typical error of Pentecostal and Charismatic teachings.

    • Reply February 26, 2023

      Anonymous

      Duane L Burgess OK how are they different WHEN Jesus uses them like they are one and the same?

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Duane L Burgess I find that the opposite is true. To claim these terms are not interchangeable is to ignore context as context rules usage and not the other way around.

  • Reply February 26, 2023

    Anonymous

    Agape and Phileo – Logos and Rhema are ALL Interchangeable John Mushenhouse

  • Reply February 27, 2023

    Anonymous

    always interchangeable
    WHEN Jesus and John used them
    William Lance Huget Duane L Burgess Kyle Williams

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day I have not checked, but I doubt it.

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget read article

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day It is not a technical paper. I have much else to do.

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      William Lance Huget what is NOT technical 🙂 Start where it says

      Agapao and Phileo as Synonyms
      More Greek examples from the Agape: A Correction in Love? page.

      If this aint tech. enough for you just let me know so I can send you to https://probible.net/ ASAP

    • Reply February 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day why is this a bill to die on?

  • Reply April 27, 2023

    Anonymous

    prove me WRONG John Mushenhouse John Digsby Duane L Burgess

    • Reply April 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      when things are interchangeable thats because there is a difference between the two or there wouldnt be possibility to interchange.

      like grace, faith and blessing… i can easily say, these are interchangeable and they are so is complete and perfect but again because of the difference.

      ya gotta know english first, before ya go saying greek and hebrew mean the same thing.

      no holy ghost helpin ya there buddy.

    • Reply April 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Troy Day Scripture proves you wrong. If they terms were the same they wouldn’t be different. This is theology 101.
      Only the biblically illiterate say different terms are the same.
      Foolishness.

    • Reply April 27, 2023

      Anonymous

      Duane L Burgess WHERE does Scripture prove this? THESE things are interchangeable thats because there is a difference between the two or there wouldnt be possibility to interchange.

  • Reply April 27, 2023

    Anonymous

    Agape is meant only for the Divine Love of God.

  • Reply April 27, 2023

    Anonymous

    Jesus used Phileo in his restoration of Peter. Twice Peter responded with Phileo when Jesus asked if He agapas Him. The third time Jesus asked Pter do you philies me? Peter finally responded with agape.

    Jesus uses phileo in Revelation 3:19 for those he rebukes and chastens.

    The command to Love God and brethren is always agape.

    Jesus said those who Philo earthy family more than they Philo Him are not worthy of him.

    Conclusion: the words do seem to be used differently in the New Testament. Phileo of human affection, Agape of God’s love to man, Christ’s love to the Father, and Christian love to God and his even Christians.

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