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Background
I realise that the word παρασκευή has a wider range then just a reference to a day, for example Eph 6:15 is not a reference to a specific day however it is the understanding of this term in regards to a specific day that I wish to investigate.
Six times in the gospel accounts of the crucifixion we read that it was “the day of preparation” or something similar (Matt 27:62; Mar 15:42; Luke 23:54; John 19:14; 31; 42) on each occasion the noun παρασκευή is used.
Some sources are very specific that this noun refers to the sixth day of the week (our Friday), for example:
literally preparation; in Jewish, NT, and early Christian usage, only
of a definite day, the sixth day of the week, the term for the Friday
preceding the Sabbath, when all preparation for the Sabbath had to be
completed and after which no work was permitted (MK 15.42; LU 23.54;
JN 19.31, 42) [Friberg, Analytical Lexicon]
and
The day that was used to prepare for the Sabbath on the following
day.[(2014). Sacred Time. D. Mangum, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, &
R. Hurst (Eds.), Lexham Theological Wordbook. Bellingham, WA: Lexham
Press.]
And
67.201 παρασκευή, ῆς f: a day on which preparations were made for a sacred or feast day—‘day of preparation, Friday.’ τῇ δὲ ἐπαύριον, ἥτις
ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν, συνήχθησαν ‘on the next day, the day after
the day of preparation, they met’ or ‘the next day, which was a
Sabbath, they met’ Mt 27:62. The identification of παρασκευή with
Friday became so traditional that it eventually came to be the
present-day Greek term for ‘Friday.’[Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A.
(1996). Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament: based on semantic
domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition., Vol. 1, p. 653). New
York: United Bible Societies.]
And see here
In the commentary cited above there is an interesting link to Josephus Ant 16:6: 2 which says:
“Caesar Augustus, high priest and tribune of the people, ordains
thus:—Since the nation of the Jews have been found grateful to the
Roman people, not only at this time but in times past also, and
chiefly Hyrcanus the high priest, under my father,a Caesar the
emperor, (163) it seemed good to me and my counsellors, according to
the sentence and oath of the people of Rome, that the Jews have
liberty to make use of their own customs, according to the law of
their forefathers, as they made use of them under Hyrcanus, the high
priest of Almighty God; and that their sacred money be not touched,
but be sent to Jerusalem, and that it be committed to the care of the
receivers at Jerusalem; and that they be not obliged to go before any
judge on the Sabbath day, nor on the day of the preparation to it,
after the ninth hour;b [Josephus, F., & Whiston, W. (1987). The works
of Josephus: complete and unabridged. Peabody: Hendrickson.]
However not all the lexicons agrees that that when παρασκευή it refers to the sixth day exclusively. for example Gingrich states:
preparation, i.e. day of preparation for a festival, Friday Mt 27:62;
Mk 15:42 ; Lk 23:54; J 19:14, 31, 42.* [pg 150]
And
the day of preparation (for a Sabbath or feast):—day(1)[Thomas, R. L. (1998). New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek dictionaries : updated edition. Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc.]
If this term refers specifically to a Friday it would seem to me that this would put an end to the disputes about which day of the week Jesus Christ died.
Question
Does παρασκευή refer specifically to the sixth day of the week or could be used to speak of preparation day prior to a Sabbath or feast?