Is πνεῦμα ὁ θεός, "God is Spirit" a multivalent phrase?

Is πνεῦμα ὁ θεός, "God is Spirit" a multivalent phrase?

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| PentecostalTheology.com

In two later New Testament writings we find different explicit statements about God: God is Spirit… (John 4:24); …God is light… (1 John 1:5); …God is love (1 John 4:8, 16).

  • God is Spirit: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός
  • God is Light: ὁ θεός φῶς ἐστιν
  • God is Love: ὁ θεός ἀγάπη ἐστίν

God is light and God is love are composed as one would expect: God, ὁ θεός, the attribute φῶς/ἀγάπη, followed by the verb ἐστίν. The literal phrase is, [the] God light/love is.

God is Spirit, πνεῦμα ὁ θεός was composed differently. Spirit is placed before God and there is no verb.

Does the phase πνεῦμα ὁ θεός have more than one meaning or is it multivalent? Is it saying something only about God or does it also say something about Spirit? How does the meaning in 1 John 1:6, 4:8, 18, contrast with the meaning in πνεῦμα ὁ θεός?

1 Comment

  • Reply June 19, 2025

    Troy Day

    There the Spirit is GOD Philip Williams Pentecostal Theologian John Mushenhouse Kyle Williams Jose Oscar Salinas Jr. Oscar Valdez

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