What does everything being vanity mean in Ecclesiastes 1?

What does everything being vanity mean in Ecclesiastes 1?

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Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is
vanity. — Ecclesiasites 1:2, KJV 2000

What is its literal meaning, in context?

4 Comments

  • Reply November 4, 2025

    Troy Day

    John Mushenhouse even Brett Dobbs cannot tell Glynn Brown

    • Reply November 4, 2025

      Brett Dobbs

      Troy Day vanity means it’s nothing. It’s worthless. It’s useless. It’s purposeless.

    • Reply November 4, 2025

      Glynn Brown

      Troy Day you should read it in a better translation,then even you could comprehend it.

  • Reply November 4, 2025

    John Mushenhouse

    vanity = hebel = vapour/breath /emptiness / transitory/ unsatisfactory — To come to nothing when effort is given.—–

    Vanity is translated in the Septuagint with mataiotes, which describes the state of being without use or value, emptiness, futility, purposelessness, transitoriness. See Michael Eaton’s note on use of Hebel in Ecclesiastes. ” “Vanity of vanities” is a Hebrew superlative (“Utterly Meaningless”), analogous to the Hebrew idiom “Holy of Holies” or “Song of Songs”. The idea is “The most utter vanity” or “complete emptiness.” The idea here is that there is an emptiness which is above all other emptinesses. The Preacher wants to emphasize and underline and boldface this point. ALL IS EMPTY!!!!! The Preacher (Qohelet) is declaring that everything under the sun — all human efforts, wisdom, pleasures, and toil — are ultimately temporary, unsatisfying, and elusive apart from God. The phrase captures the existential frustration of life “under the sun” of life without eternal perspective, and specifically life without the Son!

    Vanity is translated in the Septuagint with mataiotes, which describes the state of being without use or value, emptiness, futility, purposelessness, transitoriness. See Michael Eaton’s note on use of Hebel in Ecclesiastes. —–Tony Garland said “”Vanity of vanities” is a Hebrew superlative (“Utterly Meaningless”), analogous to the Hebrew idiom “Holy of Holies” or “Song of Songs”. The idea is “The most utter vanity” or “complete emptiness.” The idea here is that there is an emptiness which is above all other emptinesses. The Preacher wants to emphasize and underline and boldface this point. ALL IS EMPTY!!!!! The Preacher (Qohelet) is declaring that everything under the sun — all human efforts, wisdom, pleasures, and toil — are ultimately temporary, unsatisfying, and elusive apart from God. The phrase captures the existential frustration of life “under the sun” of life without eternal perspective, and specifically life without the Son!

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