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HISTORICAL
EUROPEAN
PERSPECTIVES ON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE
PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
By
David
Bundy
The
European
Pentecostal
gemeinde,
Vienna,
Austria.
Association
(EPTA),
came
the
purpose,
goals
and
Theological
into
being
16
March, 1979,
in a room
provided by
the Freie Christen-
At that
meeting
modus
operandi
were chosen
along
with a name. Officers were elected
a draft of a constitution to be considered at the next
meeting.1
Such was the foundation of what should
prove
to be a
and
charged
with
preparing
very significant
movement toward European
Pentecostal
theological might
be best
appreciated,
interchange
and
cooperation
in education. In order that the
import
let us
briefly
consider the
history
of theo- logical
education within the Pentecostal movements of Europe and the
move toward
significant cooperation.
Vienna,
lEuropean Pentecostal Theological Association, Minutes of Constitutional Meeting in
Austria on March 16, 1979. 7 pps. photocopy. Hereafter, EPTA, Minutes, 1979. The author was present at the meeting.
David D. Bundy (Th.M., Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, Kentucky), serves as Dean of the Institute of University Ministry, Louvain, Belgium. David is a Ph.D. student at the Catholic University of Louvain, as well.
– 15-
1
I. HISTORY OF PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGICAL
EDUCATION
IN EUROPE
A. Initial
dead-of rejection
Attitudes
movement in Europe
it considered This notion included a
for the
and/or antipathy
As in other areas of the world, the Pentecostal
is the
product
of a reaction
against
the
orthodoxy-which
the last half of the 19th
century.
of the institutions viewed as
primarily responsible spiritual
climate of the national churches.2 The eventual exclusion from
with those churches served
only
to reinforce
polemic
toward formal
theological
the “reaction
against professional
this education.
Important
also was the
Most of the men who
un-
3) emphasis 5)
lack of
qualified
sociological profile
of the Pentecostal movement.
became successful and influential leaders were
comparatively educated. Malcolm
Hathaway
has
suggested
five additional reasons for
ministry”:3 1) the urgency
of evangel- ism and immediate need for
pastors,
on
spiritual gifts
for
ministry, 4)
financial
teachers.
B. Before World War II
This attitude
2) emphasis
on the
parousia,
stringencies,
‘
already
before 1) Bible School
was and is
widespread.4 However,
World War II there was three Bible schools founded:5
of the Filadelfia
Church, 2) Elim Bible College,
and
3) Gdanska Instytut
Biblijny.
209,
2Walter J. Hollenweger, Handbuch der Pfingstbewegung. Geneva, 1965-1967. Inaug. Diss. Zurich. Photographic Reproduction, American Theological Library Association, p.
hereafter
Hollenweger, Handbuch Compare Hollenweger’s
Enthusiastisches Christentum Die Pfingstbewegung in Geschichte und Gegenwart (Zurich : Rolkf Brockhaus,
538. E. T., The Pentecostals (London: SCM,
1972), p. 472, hereafter,
Pentecostals. This section is not included in the
Spanish edition, El Pentecostalismo Historia y Doctrinas (Buenas Aires: La Aurora, 1976). See also the observation of Hollenweger, Handbuch, I, 29-32.
1969), p. Hollenweger,
January-2 February. hereafter, Hathaway,
3Malcolm R. Hathaway, “Trends in Ministerial Training” Papers Presented at the Second Meeting of the European Pentecostal Theological Association, Brussels, Belgium 31 1
1980. (Leuven: Institute of University Ministry, 1980), p.
18,
Trends.
4Hollenweger, Handbuch, p. 1753, quotes from an article by Donald Gee “Bible Schools are Unnecessary,” The Pentecostal Testimony 38/81, August 1957, p. 8: “‘Bible Schools are
Unnecessary. ‘ ” That
is exactly what I used to say for many years; and I believed it too! It is a fitting revenge that in the Providence of Go I now find myself installed as the Principal of such an Institution.
– 16-
2
°
Church,
Stockholm,
1)
The Bible School of the Filadelfia
Sweden was founded by Lewi Pethrus in 1915.6 It was and has remained very closely tied to the church,
training
missionaries
for the satellite churches.
and
pastors
“was
established to
provide training specialized overseas
‘
2)
The Elim Bible
College (Capel, Dorking, England)
by
the Elim Pentecostal Church in 1926 in order
for
young
men and women in a call to
branches of Christian serve in Great Britain and
The school remained
the
building
was razed
by
the local council.8 It continues to
provide
excellent educational Because of the
possibilities
the best
possibilities European
Pentecostal theological library
in London until 1965 when
opportunities
for its students. for examination at the London
of
London,
it affords
by
far
advancement of
any
schooL It has also the best
Bible
College
and the
University
for educational
theological
of
any
Pentecostal school in
Europe. Although
limited
primarily
to
English language
materials and
it has a
good
Pentecostal
collection and some archival material.
smaller
than
some,
3)
The Gdanska
periodical
(Danzig,
Poland)
was Mission9 in
Instytut Biblijny
founded
by
G. H. Schmidt of the
Osteuropaischen
1936 It had more influence than
any
of the other schools
War I
period providing
Poland,
during
the
pre-World preachers
for
“Germany, Estonia,
Bulgaria
and Switzerland.”11
Many
Pentecostal Hungary, Yugoslavia,
of the leaders
6Nils Bloch-Hoell, The Pentecostal Movemen? Its Origin. Development and Distinctive Character. (Oslo Universitetsforlaget, 1964), p. 181. Hollenweger, Handbuch, p. 2022.
Capel, Surrey, England, (N.d.), p.
7Catalogue and Prospectus, Elim Bible College and Missionary Training Institute,
3.
8Ibid.
195, thesis,
.
9John Thomas Nichol, The Pentecostals (formerly Pentecostalism) (Plainfield, N.J.: Logos, 1966, pp. 194-195, 200). Hereafter, Nichol,
Pentecostals. Nichol notes, pp. 194-
on the basis of W. Dawidov, “Kosciol Chrzescijan Wiary Ewangeliczney”, Th. M.
Protestant Faculty, Warsaw University, that Schmidt was a naturalized American from Poland who had returned under the aegis of the Russian Eastern European Mission
1982-1984.
Hollenweger, Handbuch, pp.
l0I have been unable to verify to my satisfaction this beginning date.
11 Hollenweger,, Handbuch, p. 1984.
17
3
of the
European
Pentecostal
movements
taught
there includ-
Doanld Gee Assemblies
ing
N. N. Nikoloff of Bulgaria, G. H. Schmidt of
Danzig
and
who would later be instrumental in founding the
of God Bible School in
England.13
When Hitler’s armies marched Danzig school, being dependent prepared
to face the holocaust even
being imprisoned
for six months.15
across
Poland, however, the on American
funding14
was ill and closed in
1939,
Schmidt
.
C. After World War II. Proliferation
and
training
centers.16
and
Development
of Bible schools
Institute,
After World War II there was a rapid proliferation
The International Bible
Training
Burgess Hill, Sussex, England,
was founded in 1945
by
Fred H.
Squire
Beroa,
which started out as the
in
1951,
before
moving
to
to train missionaries.17 Bibelschule “Theologisches Institute,” Erzhausen-bei-Darmstadt
begun by
the
Arbeitsgemeinschaft schland
(ACD).19 Altogether
Stuttgart
and
taking
its new name in
1954,18 was
der
Christengemeinden
in Deut-
there are
today
more than 27 Pente- costal
theological
schools with full time
faculty,
a serious curriculum
residence
program.
1′ Ibid..
and
‘
l3Hollenweger, Handbuch, p. 1743, cf. note 4.
l4?ichol, Pentecostals, 195.
15Holienweger, Handbuch, p. 1983.
,
program pretension
1616As evidenced during the foundational meeting of EPTA, 11 March 1979, there is no agreement among European Pentecostal educators as to what constitutes a Bible School. Generally, we would say that a training school is a short term (less than 1 year)
which prepares students for one form of ministry and, normally, makes no
of academic soundness.
l7lbid., p. 1802.
1825 Jahre Bibleschule Beroa 1951-1976. (Erzhausen-bei-Darmstadt: Schonbach, 1976), p. 66, and 30 Jahre ACD 1947-1977. Jubilaumsfeier
der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der
in Deutschland KdoR im Congress Centrum Hamburg, 30. September bis 1. Oktober 1977. (Frankfort am Main: Sekretariat der ACD, 1977), p. 24.
Christengemeinden
l9Hollenweger, Handbuch, p. 1490.
– 18-
4
This
rapid
extension of educational
programs
reflected a profound change
in attitude toward
theological
education
among
Pentecostals in Europe.20
Donald Gee articulated his
impressions
in his article “Bible Schools are Unnecessary”:
(What
made me
say
that Bible Schools are
unnecessary?)
I foolishing
felt that I was
doing pretty
well as a pastor … and later as a writer of sorts … More solid
ground
for
saying
that Bible Schools were
unnecessary
was the fact that
my
col- leagues
in those
pioneering days
of the Pentecostal Movement were several
rugged,
old
pioneers who,
like
myself,
had never been to
any
Bible School, but were
doing
solid work of God. A few of them were ‘unlearned and
ignorant
men’ in the most literal sense of the words. What must be
plainly understood, however,
is that
they
were men of
strong
natural
intelligence and
ability …
Truth
requires
us to admit that
alongside
them were scores and scores of other men who
accomplished
little through
sheer lack of
ability …
These would be leaders of assemblies did not have either the
knowledge
of the
Word,
nor the
knowledge
of how to obtain the
knowledge,
nor
yet
the ability
to
pass
on
acceptably
the little
they
did know.21
1
.
To meet the need for trained
competent
workers there has been a tendency
to establish short term
schools,
and
seminars,
both
regular and
irregular
in curriculum. These tended to collect a library of sorts22 and evolve into a residence
program.
It
goes
without
saying
that these are outside of the normal educational channels of the
European countries. This later
phenomenon
is both
by design
and
by
circum- stance.
Hollenweger perhaps slightly
overstates the case when he
says that,
“the first task of Pentecostal Bible schools is to build
up
a spiritual bulwark
against evolutionary
theories and biblical criticism.”23 How-
20Hathaway, Trends, p. 19.
‘
.
2lHoUenweger, Handbuch, p. 1753 quotes from an article by Donald Gee, “Bible Schools are Unnecessary.” The Pentecostal Testimony 38/31 August 1957, p. 8. See above note 3a
22To this date, only the Centrale Pinkster Bijbelschool, Zeist, has done serious archival work. Otherwise, apart from Professor Hellenweger’s personal collection, there is no library with an extensive Pentecostal collection including both periodicals, printed books, other media, and archives.
23Hollenweger, Handbuch, p. 32.
– 19-
5
ever,
the education
perceived pastoral
and untainted
by
modernist supporting
education and curriculum tional traditions
Beroa and the Centrale Haag-24 Scheveningen,
Pinkster
and teachers.
The
foreign
to the educa-
Zeist
(formerly
Den
recognition
education can
to be needed was one that was
practically
teaching
in a context in which the
church body could control the
teaching
model, consciously chosen,
was the American Bible school
approach
to
which was
radically
of Europe. So
far, only
Elim Bible
College,
Bibelschule
Bijbelschool,
Holland)
have achieved
European
of their
degress. By
this it is meant that the course of study
figures
on
with
proper secondary
teach
religion
and education courses
through
the
secondary
school leveL In American terms it is a B.A. with a
teaching
is accredited
of the National Home
Study
Council. 25 Continental
salary
scales and that
graduates
national
Correspondence
Institute Commission
College,
St. Pieters-Leeuw
(near Brussels), B.A.
program
and is
planning
‘
not accredited27
European
education ministries.
The
only exception ‘
Curtain.
Only
the Seminarul
Rumania, is accredited
requirements
of the Rumanian
a “fifth
year” program.
organized
as an American
corporation incorporated
which
mitigates against
its
degree being acceptable
to the above
is, ironically,
Teologic
certificate. The Inter-
by
the
Accrediting
Bible Belgium,
offers a fourth
year
It is
however,
in l’vlissouri26 and is
to
east of the Iron Penticostal of
Bucharest,
as a university level
program.
This was one of the
government
establishment and has resulted in the
highest recognition
in the world.
costal education effort
anywhere
Also,
the
Biblijsko-Teoloski
Institut
as a condition for its
of any Pente-
of
Zagreb, Yugoslavia,
has
200 students
involved
the local churches extension
been
perhaps
the most creative in
adapting
its
program
to the needs of
and now has nearly in
studies
during
which the student can
complete
the first
year
schooL Groningen,
24The Centrale Pinkster Bibleschool replaced the Nederlandse
Pinksterbkjbel-
founded by E. A. Graf. (Nichol, Pentecostals, p. 188). For the foundation of the present school (1967), see R. L. Leach, A Synopsis of the Developrrcent of the Assemblies of God Work in the Vetherlands. Unpublished report, January 1970, and
Centrale Pinkster Bijbelschool, p. 4.
Prospectus
25 Catalogue/Student Handbook International Correspondence Institute (Rhode- Saint-Genese : ICI, 1977), p. 12. ICI is also a member of the
European Home Study Council and the International Council for Correspondence Education.
26A Self-Study Report (St. Pieters-Leeuw: CBC, 1980, unpublished), pp. 13. 112- 113.
2ï Ibid. p. 1
-20-
6
of school as a prerequisite for the second and third year of residence studies.
The
practical
result of this situation is that the
European Pente- costal Bible schools are in
desperate
need of
government recognition and an access into the
regular graduate programs
of European univer- sities for their students without first
having
to send them to the U.S.A. for an accredited
degree
from where
many
never
return, or,
if they do return
may
have become
culturally
too Americanized to minister in Europe.
It must also be mentioned that Pentecostal
schools,
as a matter of theological principle,
are refused
permission
to
join
with the
evangel- ical
accrediting
associations. This is primarily because of the refusal of American
evangelical
mission
groups
to associate with Pentecostals in Europe and,
most
importantly,
the blind adherence of the German evangelicals
to the 1909 Berlin Declaration.28 To show how rabid this critique becomes,
it is
necessary only
to
point
to the article of Peter Beyerhaus
in which he declares that David Wilkerson and Teen Chal- lenge
ministries to be
“un-reformation,
unbiblical” and
corrupt
and insists that
they
and all of the Pentecostal movement are filled with `evil-spirits’
“29: this from a missions
specialist
and
seminary professor! Thus,
the Pentecostals could not look to the
evangelicals
for
coopera- tion in educational
programs
and resources.
They
have been forced to find their own
way.
_ . ‘
.
_
II. WORKING
TOWARD
COOPERATION
The need for cooperation between Pentecostal schools was first felt to be
urgent
in
Germany
for the reasons outlined above. Therefore the seven German
language
school
theological
schools of
Germany
and Switzerland formed a loose association of Bible schools for mutual im- provement
and
cooperation.
The
meetings
are hosted
by
individual schools to converse money. Sessions are devoted to upgrading educa- tional methods,
reports
of research in education as well as other concerns felt
by
members of the faculties and institutions. These
28For a summary of the issue and literature in English, see HoUenweger Pente- costals, pp. 218-230. For complete documentation see HoUenweger, Handbuch, pp. 1361- 1407. The text of the Berlin Declaration is found pp. 1400-1403 to which the Mulheim Conference gave a careful answer, texts pp. 1403-1407.
29Peter Beyerllaus, ” ‘Haben wir nicht in Deinem Namen bose Geister ausgetrieben’ (Mt. 7, 22),”
Vorabdruck aus dem Monatsblatt Durchbtick und Diens4 Juli, 1970, 6 pps.
– 21-
7
“seminars” are
very
inclusive with all
faculty
and staff
being urged
to
attend.
The Assemblies cooperated cooperation
Bible schools have also
now programs
of God
(U.S.A.)-sponsored
but at an administrative rather than a
faculty
level. This
was the direct result of efforts
by
Warren
Flattery, Director of ICI
Europe,
to increase awareness of educational
by
the Assemblies of God, U.S.A. with the view to
increasing
their effectiveness. At the Locarno
Conference,
his
findings.
He observed:
around the world
sponsored
197 3,°3o he presented
June,
for a
special
The result of this session … was a
request
Meeting (which)
was called for
January
Eurasia Education 21-25,
1974.31 1
This has led to a series of meetings each
year
to discuss standard- ization of curriculum,
leadership training
and coordination
as well as
comparative
studies.32
of programs
.
The
impetus
for a wider
cooperation
Pentecostal
European
Conference
ference, Jakob Zopfi, of the Schweiz Pfingstmission,
committee members dated Emmetten,
seignement-Padagogik”
came in the context of the (PEK).
The chairman of this con-
in a letter to PEK
12 July
1976, urged that a work-
with the conference.33
Elim Bible
ship
in education be held in
conjunction
This resulted in a workship entitled
“Onderwijs-Eudcation-En-
led
by G. Wesley Gilpin, Principal,
College,
and Teun J. de
Ruiter,
Assistant Direction of the Centrale
Den
Gaag (now Zeist) Holland,
at the PEK Con- ference held at Den
Haag,
Holland 1-6
August,
1978.34 Four
papers
Pinkster
Bijbelschool
(unpublished document), p.
30 Warren Flattery, Report on Eurasia Education Meeting January 21-25, 1974
2.
311bid.
Regional for
3 ? %varren Flattery, Comparative Study of the Bible School Programs suggested by the
Committees on Education for West Africa, Eurasio, Far East and Latin America
the Bible schools in their respective regions and the Bible College Program offered by the International
Correspondence Institute (unpublished docun.ent), January,
1975. This
makes no attempt at evaluation of the programs but lists the courses offered and makes suggestions of possible relationships with the ICI program.
study
33jacob
Zopfi, Letter “PEK 1978” Emmetten (Switzerland, 12 July 1976, p. 2.
34Programa.
Pinkster
Europa Konferentie, Den Haag, Holland,
1-6
Augustus 1978, p. 24.
-22-
8
were
presented: 1)
Peter Kusmic
(Director
of
Biblijsko Teoloski Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia)
“Pentecostal
Training Institutes in Europe,” 2) George Flattery (Director ICI, Brussels, Belgium), “Effec- tive
Teaching
Methods for Pentecostal
Education,” 3) Paul Weresch (Lecturer,
Bibelschule
Beroa, Erzhauses,
W. Germany), “How to Relate Theory
to Practical Needs in the
Ministry,”
and
4)
D. L.
Richards, (Director,
Centrale Pinkster
Bijbelschool),
“The Relation Between Church
Training
and
Training
Institutes.”35
At this conference it was decided to discuss the accreditation of schools and the
possibilities
of founding an association under the
aegis of which
cooperation
and coordination of resources could be furthered after the Pentecostal
European Fellowship (PEF) meeting
in
Vienna, March,
1979.36
Thus,
“fifteen
representatives
of eleven Pentecostal
theological schools in
Europe
met at … the Frieie
Christengemeinde …
in con- junction
with the Tenth
European
Pentecostal Conference and Lezders Seminar…”37 on 16 March, 1979. It was decided to form an associa- tion
(EPTA)
and
stated,
“that the
general purpose
of EPTA
(is to)
be the
promotion
of Pentecostal
learning,
ministerial
training
and
theologi- cal literature,
and that the immediate
purpose
be the
fostering
of ex- change
and
cooperation
between member institutions.”38 The eleven schools
represented39
were to serve as the nucleus of the new organization
and twelve
additional schools
verve sent written
invitations to
join
the association. 40 G. Wesley Gilpin (Elim Bible
College) was
.
.
‘
”
35jbid. Unfortunately these papers have not been published.
36Personal notes taken at the
meeting The
PEF is a conference for leaders of churches with a fraternal relationship with the Assemblies of God, U.S.A., EPTA however is a completely independent organization
3?EPTA, Minutes 1979, p. 1.
38Ibid, p. 6
39The founding institutions: Assemblies of God Bible College, Mattersey, England; Bibelschule Beroa, Erzhausen,
W.
Germany; Biblijsko-Teoloski Institut, Zabreb, Yugoslavia;
Centrale Pinkster Bi?belschool, Zeist, Nederland; Elim Bible College, Capel, Dorking, England; European
Bi5le Seminary, Rudersberg, W. Germany; Instituto Biblico de
Portugal, Fanhoes,
Loures, Portugal; Institute of University Ministry, Leuven, Belgium;
International Bible Training Institute, Hook Place, England; International Correspondence Institute,
3russels, Belgium; and Edward Czajko, New Testament Lecturer at the Bible Schwl of the United Evangelical Church, Warsaw, Poland.
40EPTA Minutes, 1979, pp. 1-3, 5.
– 23-
9
Seminary,
Rudersberg,
January
to 2
February,
Brussels, spondence
Belgium, Institute.43
elected chairman and Heinrich C. Scherz, (President,
W.
Germany)
was chosen to be the
secretary It was decided to hold the Second
Meeting
at
ICI, Brussels,
The second meeting of the association took place as
planned
and was hosted
At this
gathering,
The result is basically a
two-pronged organization
members.
reference to
accreditation,
because the number of schools controlled by American churches makes
this idea as
leading
to an extension American influence over the others.
They
find themselves unable to
compete
institutional and individual present, completely
avoided
the others
perceive
financially
with the
larger
American
effectiveness theological
in Pentecostal literature.”44
European
Bible
1
of EPTA in
Brussels,
31 1
Belgium.42
in by
the International Corre- a constitution was
approved.
which admits both The
organization has,
for the
primarily
churches.
“excellence and
ministerial education and
However,
there is a serious concern to
promote
scholarship,
The members are also committed to the mini- mizing
of overlap of resources,
exchange
and
cooperation
of faculty, though the
problems
of language (nine are now
represented
in the matters
in and different national laws
governing
EPTA),
international boundaries, education
At the Brussels
spersed by
the
presentation
impose
certain difficulties for
cooperation.
meeting,
discussion of the constitution was inter-
of four
papers addressing
the members. G. Wesley Gilpin, Chairman
concerns felt
by
of
EPTA,
called for excel- theological scholarship,
Lye. R.
education, George
Hubert
Jurgensen
lence and
integrity
in Pentecostal Hathaway (Elim)
discussed Flattery (ICI)
raised
(European
student at
Tubingen
and
Strasbourg theological
trends
trer.ds in the
theological
the issue of
accreditation,
Bible
Seminary)
drew
upon
his own
experience
as a doctrinal
in
light
of the Pentecostal
41 Ibid., p. 4
.
42Ibid., p. 6.
Pieters-Leeuw, Belgium;
for his
survey
of
contemporary
understanding
of
43 Minutes of the Second Meeting of the European hntecostal
Theological Association 31 January- 2 February 1980 Brussels, Belgium, p. 1, hertafter EPTA, Minutes, 1980. The author served as secretary for the sessions in the absence cue to illness of Heinrich Scherz. At this meeting four additional schools were represented: Continental Bible College, St.
Seminario Evangelico Espanol, 14madrid, Spain; Troens Bevis Bible & Misjons
Intitutt, Kvinesdal, Norway; and
Sem4arul
Teologic Penticostal, Bucuresti, Rumania.
44EPTA Minutes. 1980, p. 3. (Constitution Art. 2, no. 1)
-24-
10
Christianity
presentation
on “Classroom papers
have been
published.45
and David Petts
(Assemblies
Methods in
Theological
of God Bible
College)
made a
Education.” The
The next
meeting
of EPTA is to be hosted
by
the Assemblies of .
God Bible
College
and Elim Bible
College
at Elim Bible
College, Capel,
Dorking, England,
12-14
February
1981.46 An important agenda item is
to be the further consideration of a statement of faith for the
organi-
zation.
III. CONCLUSION
promise
such as EPTA was
desper-
com- institutional and individual
of the association’s
There is no doubt that an
organization
ately
needed. It remains, however, to be seen if an
adequate
can be worked out between
scholarly
needs which would allow both
aspects
goals
to be realized
optimally,
and whether or not the German
language Bible schools and the Assemblies of God Bible schools will allow the association to progress without either of the older
groups bolting
to form
or
scholarly
association.
through
a strong
EPTA,
academic
quality
could reach the
point
that the
as
equivalent
a competing accrediting
schools could be
recognized Europe.
It is to be
hoped that,
to
university training
in
The search for
recognition
for
in EPTA have
ministers and by
the churches.
They
do not
educational
program
as
rejected
the
early
Pentecostal evangelists
be
recognized want to insist on the
completion a prerequisite
Finally,
one
point
must be stressed.
their scholars does not mean that the
participants
concern that untrained
and
accepted
of a prescribed
for valid
ministry.
In most circles there is a concern to be as flexible as
possible,
but also to offer each student the
possibility
choice.
of
z
Association, Brussels, Belgium University Ministry, 1980,
45 Papers Presented at the Second Meeting of the European Pentecostal Theological
31 January 2- February, 1980. (Leuven: Institute of
55 pps.
46EPTA, Minutes, 1980, p. 2
– 25-
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